Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick from the Beetroot- A Natural Coloring Matter
Sonali S Gadge*, Purva V Sonare, Priyanka Masram
P R Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Talegaon (SP), Dist – Wardha, 442202.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: sonaligadge94@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Herbal cosmetics mean cosmetics that are prepared from the herbal origin. Nowadays herbal cosmetics are in great demand worldwide to alter and enhance the appearance of the human body and herbal lipstick is one of the popular cosmetics. Herbal preparations such as herbal tonics, herbal tablets, herbal shampoo, herbal creams, herbal pastes, herbal lipstick, etc. have become famous among consumers, especially women. There are several advantages of herbal lipstick over synthetic ones. Herbal lipsticks are smooth and easy to apply, non-irritant, non-toxic, free from grittiness, and have a pleasant taste, odor and flavor. Herbal lipstick is formulated by using oils, waxes, fragrances, antioxidants, coloring matter, preservatives, etc. The main objective of this work is to formulate and evaluate herbal lipstick from beetroot as a natural coloring matter to avoid the side effects of synthetic formulations. The lipstick contains synthetic colors that may cause severe side effects on the lips such as dryness cracking, skin irritation, skin discoloration, acne, and cancer. This can be avoided by using natural coloring agents from various herbal sources. The formulated lipsticks were evaluated with several parameters like color, melting point, breaking point, force of application, PH, solubility, skin irritation, perfume stability, and aging stability. Among all the formulations, the F4 formulation was found to meet all evaluation criteria and have fewer or no side effects.
KEYWORDS: Herbal cosmetics, Beta vulgaris, Lipstick, Formulation, Evaluation.
INTRODUCTION:
The word cosmetic was derived from the Greek word “kosmtikos” meaning having the power, arrangement, and skill in decorating.1 With the beginning of civilization, Herbal cosmetics also known as” Natural Cosmetics”, people (men and women) had the magnetic dip towards impressing others with their looks was reported and there are a number of wide ranges of herbal cosmetics products to satisfy your beauty regime, is very safe for the skin. Human beings have been using herbs for different purposes like food, medicine, and beautifying, with the advancement of science and technology was studied.2
According to D&C Act 1940 and rules 1945, cosmetics means any articles intended to be sprayed, poured, rubbed or sprinkle on, introduced into, or applied to the physical body or any part for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the looks, it also includes any articles intended to be used as a component of cosmetics. Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfume, lipsticks, fingernail and toe nail polish, eye and facial makeup, permanent waves, colored contact lenses, hair colors, hair sprays, and gels, Deodorants, baby products, bath oils, bubble baths, bath salts, butter and many other types of products are in great demand in both developing and developed countries.3 The herbal cosmetics industry is experiencing a rising graph for its market and products which are being sold over the world.4
Lipstick is a cosmetic that contains oils, waxes, pigments, oils, waxes, emollients that imparts color, texture and protection to the lips. Synthetic lipstick contains heavy metals such as nickel, copper, chromium, arsenic, and cobalt and some of these toxic substances are absorbed by the lips and stomach during the application of these lipsticks.5,6 The rest is absorbed by the pigment of the skin, where it reacts with other chemicals in the environment and causes rashes on the lips.7
The herbal words are a safety symbol in contrast to the synthetic which have negative effects on human health. Herbal preparations such as herbal compresses, herbal tonics, herbal pastes, herbal shampoos, herbal sindhur, herbal contraceptives, and herbal lipsticks are becoming popular now days. Evidences are there that use of highly advanced self-beautifying ideas and a wide range of various cosmetics used by women and men in ancient India.8,9
Ideal characteristics of lipsticks:
1. Lipstick should essentially be a good color, apply easily, and gives a natural look.
2. Smooth and easy to apply.
3. Non-irritant and non-toxic.
4. Should have attractive color and shine.
5. Free from grittiness and should be non-drying.
6. It should have required plasticity.
7. It should have a pleasant taste, odor, and flavor.
8. Don’t lose its smooth and shiny appearance during storage.
9. Stable during its shelf life means free from bloom and sweating during storage.
10. It should not melt and harden within the reasonable variations of climatic temperatures.
11. A suitable degree of firmness during region able variations of climatic temperature, the melting point of lipsticks is kept between 50-600 C so that it can withstand tropical temperatures (60-700 C) as well as be able to spread as fine film over lips at a temperature of (37±20C).10,11
Advantages of Herbal Lipstick:
1. Since all the ingredients were derived from organic plants the phytonutrients in them proved to be effective.
2. There was the elimination of the sking chapping or flaking.
3. The lipstick are generally formaldehyde- free and paraben-free due to which they do not causes any irritation to the skin and are considerably safer to use.
4. Chemical accumulation was prevented and these did not have any side effects. 12, 13
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The ingredients that are used in the formulation of herbal lipstick by using Beetroot juice as natural coloring matter are procured from the college laboratory. (Table-1).
Table 1: Ingredients, their biological source and uses
|
Sr. No. |
Ingredients/ Drugs |
Biological source |
Uses |
|
1. |
Bees wax |
It is a purified wax separated from the honeycomb of bees, Apis mellifera which belong to the family, Apidae. |
Thickening Agent |
|
2. |
White Vaseline |
|
Base |
|
3. |
Olive oil |
This oil is a fixed oil derived from olea europaea fruits belonging to family Oleaceae. |
Moisturizing Agent |
|
4. |
Castor oil |
Castor bean oil, castor oil seed, oleum ricini, ricinus oil, Castor oil is the fixed oil obtained by cold expression of the seeds of Ricinus communis Linn., belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. |
Humectant, Skin Moisturizer |
|
5. |
Pigment (Beetroot Powder) |
Is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family that is now included in the Amaranthaceae family. |
Colouring Agent |
|
6. |
Acacia |
It is obtained from the gummy exudation from the stems and branches of Acacia arabica Willd, belonging to family Leguminosae. |
Emulsifying and Suspending Agent. Demulcent |
|
7. |
Lemon juice |
Lemon juice obtained from ripe fruit of Citrus-limonis (L) belonging to family Rutaceae. |
Antioxidant, Ric |
|
8. |
Vitamin E Capsules |
Vitamin E consists of a group of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. |
Antioxidant/Smoothening Agent |
|
9. |
Perfume (Rose Oil) |
Rose oil (attar of rose, rose otto, attar of roses or essence of rose) is the essential oil extracted from the petals of various species of rose. |
Mask unwanted odour |
|
10. |
Vanilla Essence |
Vanilla is obtained from pods of the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia). |
Flavouring Agent |
Pigment Extraction Procedure:
Extraction of pigment was achieved by the process of grinding and by the pulp formation method. The beetroot had a grind and by compressing it the liquid pigment has collected in a beaker and used as a pigment in liquid form. Again, the same procedure of grinding and kept for drying for 1-2 days and used it as a pigment in powder forms.14,15
Method of preparation of Lipstick:
1. First, the waxes ingredients are melted and mixed separately
2. The first mixture is the solvent mixture; the second mixture contains the oils, and the third mixture contains the fats and waxy materials. All mixtures are heated in separate stainless steel or ceramic containers.
3. The solvent solution and liquid oils are then mixed with the color pigments.
4. After the pigment mass is prepared, it is mixed with hot wax.
5. Air bubbles, if any are removed by agitation. Then it is poured into tubing moulds, cooled, and separated from the moulds. After the final touch-up and visual inspection, the lipstick is ready for packaging.16, 17
Table 2: Compositions of herbal lipstick:
|
Sr. No. |
Ingredients |
Role of Ingredients |
Quantity |
|||
|
|
|
|
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
F4 |
|
1. |
Castor oil |
Humectant |
2 ml |
2 ml |
2 ml |
2 ml |
|
2. |
Olive oil |
Blending agent |
2 ml |
2 ml |
2 ml |
2 ml |
|
3. |
Beeswax |
Glossy and hardness |
14 gm |
7 gm |
5 gm |
5 gm |
|
4. |
White Vaseline |
Glossiness |
6 gm |
6 gm |
6 gm |
6 gm |
|
5. |
Pigment- Beet Root (Powder) |
Colouring agent |
1 gm |
5 gm |
7 gm |
1.5 gm |
|
6. |
Acacia |
Emulsifying agent |
1 gm |
1 gm |
1 gm |
1 gm |
|
7. |
Lemon juice |
Antioxidant, Rich Source of Vitamin C |
1 ml |
1 ml |
1 ml |
1 ml |
|
8. |
Vanilla Essence |
Flavouring agent |
q. s
|
q. s
|
q. s
|
q. s
|
|
9. |
Perfume (Rose Oil) |
Fragrance
|
q. s
|
q. s
|
q. s
|
q. s
|
|
10. |
Vitamin E Capsules |
Smoothening Agent |
2 caps |
2 caps |
2 caps |
2 caps |
Evaluation of Lipstick:
It is very essential to maintain a uniform standard for herbal lipstick, keeping this view in mind the formulated herbal lipsticks were evaluated on the parameters such as melting point, breaking point, thixotropy character, the force of application, surface anomalies etc. 18
1. Melting point:
The melting point determination is an important since it is an indication of the limit of safe storage. The melting point of formulating lipstick was determined by the capillary tube method the capillary was filled, keep in the capillary apparatus and firstly observed the product was slowly milted. Sometimes it was observed that the product was completely melted. The procedure was repeated 3 times and the melting point was determined in the formulations.
2. Breaking point:
The breaking point is done to determine the strength of lipstick. The lipstick is kept horizontally in a socket of half inch away from the edge of support. The weight gradually increased by a specific value (1 Gm) at a specific interval of 30 seconds and the weight at which breaks are considered as the breaking point.
3. Force of application:
Force of application is used for the measurement of the force to be applied for application. A piece of coarse brown paper can be kept on a shadowgraph balance and lipstick can be applied at 45◦ angle to cover a 1 sq. inch area until fully covered.
4. pH parameter:
The pH of formulated herbal lipstick was determined using pH paper.
5. Solubility test:
The formulation of herbal lipstick was dissolved in various solvents like acetone, hexane, petroleum ether, water, alcohol, chloroform (CHCl3), etc. and the solubility was observed.
6. Skin irritation test:
The skin irritation test is carried out by applying the lipstick on the lips for 10 min.
7. Perfume stability:
The formulation of herbal lipstick was tested after 30 days, to record the fragrance.
8. Aging stability:
The product was stored at 400C for 1 hr. various parameters such as bleeding, crystallization of on the surface, and ease of application were observed.19
Table 3: Evaluation parameters of lipstick formulation
|
Sr. No. |
Evaluation parameters |
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
F4 |
|
1.1. |
Colour |
Pale pink |
Pale pink |
Deep red |
Purple red |
|
2. |
Melting point |
51-60 |
60-61 |
50-60 |
53-61 |
|
3. |
Breaking point |
23 |
30 |
32 |
31 |
|
4. |
Force of application |
Good |
Good |
Good |
Good |
|
5. |
pH |
5 |
5 |
6 |
6.5 |
|
6. |
Solubility |
CHCl3 |
CHCl3 |
CHCl3 |
CHCl3 |
|
7. |
Skin Irritation |
No |
No |
No |
No |
|
8. |
Perfume stability |
Good |
Good |
Good |
Good |
|
9. |
Aging stability |
Smooth |
Smooth |
Smooth |
Smooth |
RESULT:
The present study was undertaken to formulate natural lipstick from colored pigments of Beta vulgaris taproots. The study involves the formulation of different lipsticks along with their evaluation.
Figure 1: Formulation F1
Figure 2: Formulation F2
Figure 3: Formulation F3
Figure 4: Formulation F4
CONCLUSION:
The four formulations of lipsticks were evaluated for different criteria. It is concluded that from all the formulations F4 formulation was found to meet all those criteria and shows no side effects. It is also concluded that the use of beetroot juice and powder as natural colorants in lipstick formulation has very less or no side effects.
DISCUSSION:
The aim was to formulate and evaluate herbal lipstick using herbal ingredients to minimize the side effects produced by the available synthetic ones. Herbal lipsticks are tremendous in the use of cosmetics by women. It also helps for softening, smoothing, moisturizing, reduce inflammation of the lips.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The authors are very thankful to the Principal, P R Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Talegaon (SP) for providing laboratory and library work for making the project successful.
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Received on 24.11.2022 Accepted on 19.12.2022
Accepted on 25.04.2023 ©A&V Publications all right reserved
Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2023; 14(1):15-19.
DOI: 10.52711/2321-5844.2023.00004