INTRODUCTION:

Polyherbal shampoo is a cosmetic preparation which uses herbs from plants and it is meant for washing of hair and scalp just like a regular shampoo.^1,2 Polyherbal formulations are considered as alternative to synthetic shampoo. The polyherbal shampoo is important, as people nowadays prefer polyherbal products than chemical ones to enhance health. The awareness and need for cosmetics with herbs are on the rise, primarily because it is believed that these products are safe and free from side effects. The selection of active ingredients for hair care is based on the ability of the ingredient to prevent hair damage as well as to improve the quality of hair by cleansing, nourishing and protecting the hair.³ We therefore made an attempt to develop a basic protocol for polyherbal shampoo formulation for effective hair care.

The polyherbal shampoo was formulated containing ingredients such as Hibiscus Flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum), Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica), Curry Leaves (Murraya koenigii), Shikakai Fruit (Acacia concinna) Amla Fruit (Emblica officinalis), etc. and evaluated for its physicochemical properties.

Advantages of polyherbal shampoo

1) Polyherbal shampoos for hair fall are made out of natural ayurvedic ingredients, natural oils, minerals, and polyherbal extracted compounds. These ingredients work on to improve the moisture in your hair by hydrating the follicles and roots of your hair. This in turn reduces the chances of hair fall, loose, dry, and damaged hair.

2) Polyherbal shampoo are free of any side effects, harmful or toxic effects.

3) Polyherbal shampoos for hair growth are made to strengthen the hair follicles by giving essential oils and nourishment all through the root and follicles. This, in turn, promotes hair growth and stimulates the formation of new and healthy hair roots.

4) Regular usage of polyherbal shampoos can do wonders for your hairs. Our scalps need to maintain a perfect balance of oil and pH levels in order to have beautiful, healthy, and strong hair. By using polyherbal shampoos, you can get the perfect oil balance.

5) Polyherbal shampoos are made out of natural and essential antiseptic properties that prevent our hair and scalp from the harsh UV rays of the sun thus preventing skin infections.

6) Polyherbal shampoos are made of natural ingredients suitable for every type of skin. These are skin-friendly - never causes irritation. So, there is no need to worry about any skin allergies with the use of polyherbal shampoos.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Materials

Selection of ingredients in polyherbal shampoo

In this study, polyherbal shampoo was formulated containing suitable ingredients such as Hibiscus Flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum), Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica), Curry Leaves (Murraya koenigii), Shikakai Fruit (Acacia concinna) Amla Fruit (Emblica officinalis), etc. in different proportions and evaluated for its physicochemical properties. The uniqueness of this polyherbal shampoo formulation is due to these active ingredients which feeds the hair from the roots, removes the fatty layer above the follicles that hinders hair growth and completely eliminates inflammation and prevents skin alopecia. ⁴ Its natural property prevents aging in hair and makes hair shiny and soft. ⁵

Table 1: Materials collected for formulation

Sr. No.	Material	Collected From
1	Hibiscus Flower	Garden
2	Pomegranate Peel	Local Market
3	Neem Leaves	Residential area
4	Curry Leaves	Residential area
5	Shikakai Fruit	Local Market
6	Amla Fruit	Local Market
7	Vitamin. E	Local Market
8	Lemon Juice	Patanjali Store
9	Honey	Patanjali Store
10	Gaur gum	From Laboratory
11	Rose Oil	From Laboratory

Authentication of herbs –The authentication of required natural collected herbs were done from Department of Botany, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur.

METHODS

Preparation of polyherbal extract

Extraction process was done by decoction method. In this method all the ingredients are weigh and decoction⁸ of hibiscus powder, amla powder, neem leaves, curry leaves, pomegranate powder and shikakai powder was done separately in water. Filter it, by using muslin cloth and filtrate is collected.

Figure 1: Extraction of each herbs ingredient

Formula used for preparation of polyherbal extract

Table 3: Quantity taken of each herbal ingredient in formulation

Sr. No.	Ingredients	Quantity (100ml)
Sr. No.	Ingredients	F1	F2	F3	F4
1	Hibiscus Powder	3.5g	4.0g	5.1g	2.1g
2	Pomegranate Peel Powder	3.5g	4.3g	3.0g	3.2g
3	Neem Leaves Powder	3.5g	4.5g	3.2g	3.2g
4	Curry Leaves Powder	3.5g	4.2g	4.2g	4.5g
5	Shikakai Powder	3.5g	5.0g	6.0g	3.0g
6	Amla Powder	3.5g	3.0g	1.0g	5.0g

Formulation of polyherbal shampoo

Formulation of the polyherbal shampoo was done as per the formula given below. To increase the thickness of formulation guar gum is added and glycerin is added. To this honey and 2-3 ml of lemon juice was also added with constant stirring. The shampoo also included vitamin E for conditioning effect. To improve aroma in the formulation, sufficient quantity of essential oil (rose oil) was added. The final volume was made to 100 ml by adding sufficient quantity of water.

Figure 3: Formulated shampoo

Composition of polyherbal shampoo

Table 4: Formulation table

Sr. No.	Ingredients	Quantity (100 ml)
Sr. No.	Ingredients	F1	F2	F3	F4
1	Polyherbal extract	25.0 ml	25.0 ml	25.0 ml	25.0 ml
2	Gaur gum	20.0 ml	20.0ml	5.0 ml	10.0 ml
3	Glycerin	15.0 ml	10.0 ml	10.0 ml	15.0 ml
4	Honey	5.0 ml	10.0 ml	5.0 ml	10.0ml
5	Vitamin E	10.0 ml	10.0 ml	10.0 ml	10.0 ml
6	Lemon juice	-	3.0 ml	3.0 ml	-
7	Rose water	2-5 drops	2-5 drops	2-5 drops	2-5 drops
8	Distilled water	q.s 100	q.s 100	q.s 100	q.s 100

EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL SHAMPOO

To evaluate the prepared formulations, quality control tests including visual assessment and physicochemical controls such as pH, viscosity, surface tension, foam volume, foam stability and wetting time were performed using standard protocols.

1) Physical appearance/visual inspection: The formulation prepared was evaluated for the clarity, colour, odour and foam producing ability and fluidity.⁸

2) Determination of pH: A 10% v/v shampoo solution was constituted in distilled water and the pH of the solution was measured by using a calibrated pH meter.⁹

3) Determination of solid content percentage: A clean dry evaporating dish was weighed and 4 grams of shampoo was added to the evaporating dish. The evaporating dish with shampoo was placed on the hot plate until the liquid portion was evaporated. The weight of the solid contents present in the shampoo was calculated after drying.⁷

4) Wetting time: Wetting time was calculated by noting the time required by the canvas paper to sink completely. A canvas paper weighing 0.44g was cut into a disc of diameter measuring 1-inch. Over the shampoo (1% v/v) surface, the canvas paper disc was kept and the time taken for the paper to sink was measured using the stopwatch.

5) Viscosity test: The viscosity was evaluated in Brookfield viscometer using LV-62 spindle. The rotation rate was adjusted to 10 rpm and the spindle was directly immersed into the shampoo and the viscometer reading in cps was measured.

6) Dirt dispersion: Two drops of polyherbal shampoo were added in a test tube containing 10ml of distilled water. 1 drop of ink was added; the test tube was covered and shaken for ten times. The amount of ink in the foam was estimated as none, light, moderate, or heavy.¹⁰

7) Anti-microbial activity: This test was carried out to determine the susceptibility or resistance of organisms to formulation ingredients according to the method described by Cheesbrough. The Gram negative (E.coli) test organisms were sub cultured on nutrient broth and incubated at 37°C till desired turbidity. The developed culture was streaked on the surface of Mueller Hinton agar on which four wells were punched with sterile cork borer. Then the samples were filled in these wells. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hrs. and zone of inhibition around the wells were measured using a ruler.¹¹

8) Surface tension measurement: Measurement was carried out with polyherbal shampoo through stalagometer. The principle is to measure the weight of the drops of polyherbal shampoo falling from a capillary glass tube, and thereby calculate the surface tension of the fluid. We can determine the weight of the falling drops by counting them. From it we can determine the surface tension as shown below-

Where,

^γ¹=Surface tension of water

^γ²=Surface tension of sample

ⁿ¹=No. of drops of water

ⁿ²=No. of drops of sample

^ρ¹⁼Density of water

^ρ²⁼Density of sample

9) Foaming ability & foam stability: Cylinder shake method was used for determining foaming ability 50ml of the 1% polyherbal shampoo solution was put into a 250ml graduated cylinder& the cylinder was covered with hands and shaken for 10 minutes. The total volume of the foam content after 1 minute shaking was recorded. Immediately after shaking the volume of foam at 1 minute intervals for 10 minutes were recorded.¹² The foam volume remains same throughout the period of about 5 min showing that the generated foam by the shampoo has good stability and the prepared shampoo exhibits higher foam property which may be due to the presence of Shikakai.

10) Stability Study: The stability of the formulation was studied for a period of four weeks by keeping at temperature of 25-30°C.

11) Skin Irritation Test: Prepared polyherbal shampoo was applied on skin for 5 minutes after that was washed and tested for irritation or inflammation to the skin.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Results:

Table 5: Evaluation test result of formulated shampoo

Sr. No.	Evaluation Test		Formulated shampoo (F2)
1	Colour		Brown
2	Transparency		Clear
3	Odour		Good
4	pH of 10% solution		6.30
5	Solid contents (%)		3.3
6	Wetting time (sec.)		9
7	Viscosity	% torque	59.1
		Cp value	1773
		Spindle no.	62
8	Dirt dispersion		Light
9	Anti-microbial activity [Zone of inhibition against Gram negative bacteria(cm)]		0.2
11	Surface tension (dynes/cm)		58.30
12	Foam volume (per 100 ml)		25ml after 1 min and 19ml after 10 min
13	Foam type		Dense and Small
14	Stability		Stable
15	Skin irritation		Nil

DISCUSSION:

The formulations are stable alone with good odour and brown colour. The formulations pH was found to be 6.30 which is better pH for hair. The viscosity was found 1773 Cp which is optimum viscosity.

Formulations passes the test such anti-microbal, dirt dispersion and skin irritation results was 0.2cm, light colour and no irritation respectively. Its surface tension was 58.30 dynes/cm.

All the formulations have good foam type , foam volume and wetting time which is 9 seconds.

From the four (F1, F2, F3, F4) formulations prepared the F2 formulation had the optimum stability and it had better fragrance, better appearance and was found most appropriate and better results than other, hence F2 was finalized.

CONCLUSIONS:

The herbal shampoo preparation was formulated based upon traditional knowledge and emphasis was to formulate a stable and functionally effective. The factors like UV radiations, use of harsh chemical products have direct and indirect impact on the hair. To overcome this problems the present study has the best undertaken to design an herbal shampoo which will not only give hair protection but also conditioning effect, shine and manageability. The present work focuses on the potential of herbal extracts for cosmetic purposes. The study involves herbs such as hibiscus, curry, pomegranate, neem, shikakai, amla, honey which are very effective combination for hair. The herbs which are cheapest of phytocontituents are on wheals to attain their role in polyherbal formulation so as to have synergistic role. The awareness and need for cosmetics with herbs in on the rise, as it is strongly believed that these products are safe and free from side effects. The formulated shampoo is chemical free and it reduces hair fall, strengthen the hair growth, and reduces greying of hair as well as it gives a shining, smooth, soft, bouncy hair. The formulation is harmless and economical.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this investigation.

ACKNOWLEDEMENTS:

We indebted to principal Dr. R. Y. Patil and the management of D.S.T.S. Mandal’s college of Pharmacy for providing us facilities to carry out the work.

We are thankful to our guide Dr. Varsha Tegeli for helping us in selecting an interesting topic for the work and also for helping us to carry out the work by giving valuable comments and suggestions at appropriate time and while preparing the report.

We express our gratitude to Mr. Chincholi and Mr. Sachin for supporting us by providing required chemicals and glass wares at the hour of need and helping us to complete the work in time.

Last but not the least we are grateful to our family for their constant encouragement and financial support.

REFERENCES:

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Received on 18.05.2022 Accepted on 01.06.2022

Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2022; 13(2):87-91.

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5844.2022.00014

Sr. No	Common	Picture	Botanical Name	Family	Parts used	Category
1	Hibiscus		Hibiscus rosa-sinesis	Malvaceae	Flowers	Moisturizer, Promotes hair growth, Anti-hair fall, Anti-dandruff, Conditioning agent.⁶
2	Pomegrante		Punica granatum	Punicaceae	Peels	Anti-hair fall agent⁷, hairs strengthen.
3	Neem		Azadirachta indicia	Meliaceae	Leaves	Anti-bacterial agent
4	Curry		Murraya koenigii	Rutaceae	Leaves	Hair follicles strengthening agent, prevents greying of hair, gives shine.
5	Shikakai		Acacia concinna	Leguminosae	Fruits	Detergent/Foaming agent
6	Amla		Emblica officinalis	Euphorbiaceae	Fruits	Anti-dandruff agent, Provides hair nourishment.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Materials

Formulation of polyherbal shampoo

Sr. No.

Ingredients

Quantity (100 ml)

F1

F2

F3

F4

1

Polyherbal extract

25.0 ml

25.0 ml

25.0 ml

25.0 ml

2

Gaur gum

20.0 ml

20.0ml

5.0 ml

10.0 ml

3

Glycerin

15.0 ml

10.0 ml

10.0 ml

15.0 ml

4

Honey

5.0 ml

10.0 ml

5.0 ml

10.0ml

5

Vitamin E

10.0 ml

10.0 ml

10.0 ml

10.0 ml

6

Lemon juice

-

3.0 ml

3.0 ml

-

7

Rose water

2-5 drops

2-5 drops

2-5 drops

2-5 drops

8

Distilled water

q.s 100

q.s 100

q.s 100

q.s 100

EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL SHAMPOO

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Results:

Table 5: Evaluation test result of formulated shampoo

CONCLUSIONS: