Application and merits of Eggshell Membrane in Cosmetics

 

Chandramohan Marimuthu*, Priyadharshini Chandrasekar, Jayaganesh Murugan, Karthik Perumal, Iswarya Marimuthu, Sruthi Sukumar, Srisunmathi Ravichandran

Microcore Research Laboratories India Pvt Ltd., 9th km, 30 Feet Road,204 - A Poondurai Main Road, Checkmedu, Erode – 638115 Tamil Nadu.

 

ABSTRACT:

The main objective of the study relates to applications of processed Egg Shell Membrane in cosmetics. Eggshell membrane consists of different types of collagens (I,V,X), glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid, keratin and elastin. These molecules help hydration and improve elasticity of the skin. Collagen is absolutely essential to healthy, younger looking skin. In this study, Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate (NEMC^TM) is processed into Nano size powder form (50 nm) with different active ingredients to produce different formulations and applied to treat wrinkles, blemishes and acnes, whitens the skin, dry skin and brittle skin. In this study, different combinations of NEMC^TM includes Cream, Body lotion, face mask, gel and foundation powder were formulated to evaluate the effects of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate (NEMC^TM) on reduction of blemishes, wrinkles, acnes, dry and brittle skin in pilot study. An open-labeled 4 week study on human skin applied with different formulation shows visibly reduces wrinkles, treats acne, treats dry skin, hydrates the skin, smoothers the skin and treats brittle skin when compared to without NEMC^TM supplemented formulation. From the result analysis, Natural Egg membrane Concentrate powder is deemed to be one of the most effective anti-aging products in cosmetic sector. Furthermore, it has been shown to increase cellular activity and collagen production, as well as prevent skin aging.

 

 

1.       INTRODUCTION:

Skin, the outer barrier of our body, interacts openly with an oxidative environment and is a major target of aging (Pillai et al., 2005). Factors that affect skin aging include genetic factors and external factors such as UV light, stress, and pollution (Kang H H, 1997). These factors cause cumulative alterations in skin structure and functions. In particular, solar UV irradiation makes a large contribution to skin aging (Rittié and Fisher, 2002), due to oxidative stress.

 

The stratum corneum has a barrier function, and lipids in the stratum corneum are involved in moisture maintenance, regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, cell aggregation, and desquamation (Blanken R et al., 1989). However, the lipids in stratum corneum exposed to excessive ultraviolet light or inflammation become oxidized and causes skin aging with decreased elasticity due to dysfunction of oil and moisture maintenance. Therefore, maintaining moisture levels and the elasticity of skin is very important to keep skin healthy (Haratake A et al., 1998; Jiang S J et al., 2007; Park C S, 2008).

 

Recently, functional cosmetics have been developed to prevent oxidative stress in the skin. In Korea, functional cosmetic products include whitening, moisturizer, and anti-wrinkle products (Kang H H, 1997). Retinol, adenosine and (−) epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are ingredients in anti-wrinkle functional cosmetics. These materials increase collagen production or inhibit collagenase activity (Chan et al., 2006; Griffiths C E et al., 1993; Sorg et al., 2006). An increase in elastase activity can result in wrinkle formation due to the decrease in the number of elastic fibers in the skin (Tsukahara et al., 2006). A major cause of reduction in skin elasticity and formation of wrinkles is increased elastase activity due to ultraviolet irradiation (Tsukahara et al., 2006). Increased collagen production can improve the appearance of wrinkles, but both elastin and elastic fibers can also improve wrinkle appearance (Antonicelli et al., 2007). Cosmetics can be contaminated easily by microorganisms because they contain a variety of nutrients that can support microbial growth. Use of contaminated cosmetics can damage skin and even cause allergic reactions. Companies have focused on stabilizing raw materials and improving absorption of ingredients into the skin rather than developing new functional materials. However, there are consumer demands for cosmetic products that contain natural ingredients, which have resulted in the development of organic cosmetic products that have whitening or skin recovery properties (Park J G et al., 1993).

 

Mammalian skin is a dynamic tissue with the blood and lymphatic circulations providing nutrients and removing waste products, avian eggs are a closed system, where many protective functions are provided by the egg membrane (EM). Eggshell membrane (ESM) is an organic substance that has been shown to increase cellular activity and collagen production. Chicken egg shell and membrane are byproducts of eggs. It is a natural ingredient obtained from the inner membrane that covers the shell of the egg. Eggshell membranes are an abundant raw material that are a novel source for naturally occurring bioactive compounds such as glucosamine (Picard et al., 1973) chondroitin sulfate (Baker and Balch, 1962), hyaluronic acid (Long FD et al., 2005), fibrous proteins such as collagen Type I (Wong M et al., 1984), elastin, keratin and sulfur-rich proteins (Tsai et al., 2006) and other components including lysozyme, ovotransferrin, ovocalixin and desmosine and isodesmosin. These components help hydration and improve elasticity of the skin. Collagen is absolutely essential to healthy, younger looking skin. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that serves as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinase and also promotes collagen synthesis, tissue repair, and hydration. Topical application of GAGs onto skin can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and thereby delay the onset of wrinkle formation (Dreno B et al., 2015).

Natural Egg membrane Concentrate powder is deemed to be one of the most effective anti-aging raw materials in cosmetic sector. Can be used in creams or powder makeups due to the glycosaminoglycan and collagen presence. Is less allergenic than traditional ingredients and can prevent formation of wrinkles. Furthermore, ESM prevents skin aging and reduces damages (Candilish J K et al., 1969). ESM is made of insoluble protein keratin, which is also present in feathers, hair, horns, scales, and nails. Keratin is very resistant to physical, chemical, and biological reactions (Vignardet et al., 1999). ESM has been suggested for use in formulations for moisturizer, wound recovery, skin growth, and anti-wrinkle agents (Kang H H, 1997; Park K M et al., 2012). Collagen improved the water content of stratum corneum and normalized trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) in UVB-irradiated mice (Grubauer G et al., 1989) and increased the water content of stratum corneum (Roskos K V and Guy R H, 1989) and skin viscoelasticity (Ohara H et al., 2009) in humans. We showed in a previous study that whole eggshell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) had a skin whitening effect because of their tyrosinase inhibiting and L-DOPA oxidizing activities. The egg shell membranes are true source of valuable bioactive materials, including collagen that has many applications in cosmetics.

 

In this study, different combinations of NEMC^TM includes Cream, Body lotion, face mask, gel and foundation powder were formulated to evaluate the effects of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate (NEMC^TM) on reduction of blemishes, wrinkles, acnes, dry and brittle skin with different skin types as Dry skin, Oil skin, Pimples skin, High complexion skin and Low complexion skin in pilot study.

 

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

2.1. Preparation of NEMC^TM

Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate NEMC^TM is produced from chicken eggs of Strain called BV-300 is collected from Microcore Research Labs India Pvt Ltd, the FSSAI Approved manufacturing facilities. NEMC^TM is produced through natural process that does not involve any chemicals and solvents. The process enables to produce pure ingredient that contains no artificial additives, no preservatives and no pesticides or chemicals residues of any kind and serves as natural joint health support.

 

Pure Membrane is separated by sequence of physical methods by membrane peeling technologies and further refined to achieve the appropriate product of interest. The isolated membrane is then converted in to Nano particle of 10 nm (Ball milling machine, Retsch, Model PM100) and the analyzed for the nutrient compositions. Samples of NEMC were later retrieved for composition analyses followed by AOAC official method, 2019.

 

2.2 Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate (NEMC^TM) in cosmetic applications

2.2.1 Formulation I

This Formulation 1 relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented crème for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with other glycerin, water, lavender oil and aloevera gel.

 

2.2.2 Formulation II

This Formulation II relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented ointment for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with Water, Moringa oil, Natural Jojoba, Cetyl alcohol, Sorbitan stearate, Polysorbate 60 and Sorbitol.

 

2.2.3 Formulation III

This Formulation III relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented gel for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with Aloevera gel, Mineral oil and Moringa oil.

 

2.2.4 Formulation IV

This Formulation IV relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented body lotion for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with Water, Almond oil, Coco betaine, Cetyl alcohol, Propyltrimonium, Copolymer 28, Moringa oil and Cucumber seed extract.

 

2.2.5 Formulation V

This Formulation V relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented oil to treat dry and brittle skin for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with Moringa oil.

 

2.2.6 Formulation VI

This Formulation VI relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented foundation powder for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with Natural Jojoba, Triglyceride, Pigments, Shea butter, Sorbitan stearate, Polysorbate 60, Cetyl alcohol, Moringa oil, Bakuchiol powder and Water.

2.2.7 Formulation VII

This Formulation VII relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented face peel mask for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with Charcoal, Polyvinyl alcohol and Water.

 

2.2.8 Formulation VIII

This Formulation VII relates to the preparation and evaluation of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented face pack for cosmetic application on humans. Natural egg membrane concentrate was taken and mixed with Psoralea corylifolia, Myristica fragrans, Vigna radiate, Cicer arietinum, Azardirachta indica, Hemidesmus indicus, Phyllantus emblica, Fullers earth, Curcuma aromatica, Hedychium spicatum, Pterocarpus santalinus, Euphorbia hirta, Cucumis sativus, Santalum album, Artemisia pallens, Rosa, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Phyllanthus amarus, Musa acuminate, Abelmoschus esculentus and water.

 

2.2.7 Pilot study

To evaluate the effects of Natural egg membrane concentrate (NEMC^TM) supplemented formulation on human with different skin types as Dry skin, Oil skin, Pimples skin, High complexion skin and Low complexion skin were compared to supplemented formulation without NEMC^TM in pilot scale study. An open-label 4-week study was performed involving 20 healthy females between the age of 15 years and 45 years.

 

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

3.1 Compositional analysis of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrates (NEMC^TM)

Typical analysis of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate resulted Solubility (20 %), Fat (0 %), Carbohydrate (0 %) and Ash (0 %) was shown in the Table 1. Amino acid composition of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate for Lysine (2.98%), Tryptophan (2.71%), Leucine (3.96%), Aspartic acid (7.05%), Proline (8.25%), Isoleucine (2.12%), Threonine (4.67%), Glycine (4.01%), Histidine (2.91%), Arginine (5.36%), Tyrosine (1.34%), Glutamic acid (8.25%), Cystine (6.14%), Alanine (2.05%), Methionine (2.85%), Valine (5.15%), Phenylalanine (1.49%), Serine (4.3) were shown in the Table 2. Constituents of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate resulted 96% protein, 17% Collagen, 27% Elastin (16.2% Desmosine, and 10.8% Isodesmosine), 28.3% Chondroitin sulphate, 20.5% Glycosaminoglycan and 5% Hyaluronic acid was shown in the Table 3.

 

 

 

 

Table 1: Typical analysis of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Sample	% NEMC
1	Solubility	40
2	Fat	0
3	Carbohydrate	0
4	Ash	0

 

Table 2: Typical Amino acid composition of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Aminoacid	% NEMC
1	Lysine	2.98
2	Tryptophan	2.71
3	Leucine	3.96
4	Aspartic acid	7.05
5	Proline	8.25
6	Isoleucine	2.12
7	Threonine	4.67
8	Glycine	4.01
9	Histidine	2.91
10	Arginine	5.36
11	Tyrosine	1.34
12	Glutamic acid	8.25
13	Cystine	6.14
14	Alanine	2.05
15	Methionine	2.85
16	Valine	5.15
17	Phenylalanine	1.49
18	Serine	4.3

 

Table 3: Typical constituents of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Sample	% NEMC
1	Protein	96
2	Collagen	17
3	Elastin	27
4	Desmosine	16.2
5	Isodesmosine	10.8
6	Chondroitin sulfate	28.83
7	Glycosaminoglycan	20.15
8	Hyaluronic acid	5

 

3.2 Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate (NEMC^TM) in cosmetic applications

3.2.1 Formulation I

Table 4 shows the Crème formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with glycerin, water, Moringa oil and aloevera gel.

 

Table 4: Crème formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty (%)
1	Glycerin	30
2	Water	15
3	Aloevera gel	10
4	Moringa oil	1
5	Natural egg membrane concentrate	35

 

This formulation was applied to a skin of an individual. The contralateral skin was treated with a commercial cream. Both compositions were applied daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the skin treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate supplemented crème was visibly smoother, lighter and appeared more pliable. The contralateral skin still appeared rough, dark and brittle.

 

3.2.2 Formulation II

Table 5 shows the ointment formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with Water, Moringa oil, Natural Jojoba, Cetyl alcohol, Sorbitan stearate, Polysorbate 60 and Sorbitol.

 

Table 5: Ointment formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty (%)
1	Water	40
2	Moringa oil	10
3	Natural Jojoba	15
4	Cetyl alcohol	5
5	Sorbitan stearate	1
6	Polysorbate 60	2.5
7	Sorbitol	1.5
8	Natural egg membrane concentrate	25

 

This formulation was applied to a skin of an individual. The contralateral skin was treated with a commercial ointment. Both compositions were applied daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the skin treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate supplemented ointment wrinkles were reduced and disappeared, plus the skin became softer and lighter and more resilient. The contralateral skin still appeared rough.

 

3.2.3 Formulation III

Table 6 shows the gel formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with Aloevera gel, Mineral oil and Moringa oil.

 

Table 6: Gel formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty (%)
1	Aloevera gel	20
2	Moringa oil	2
3	Mineral oil	23
4	Natural egg membrane concentrate	55

 

This formulation was applied to a skin of an individual. The contralateral skin was treated with a commercial gel. Both compositions were applied daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the skin treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate supplemented gel was visibly smoother, lighter and reduces blemishes. The contralateral skin still appeared rough, dark and blemishes reduced slightly.

 

3.2.4 Formulation IV

Table 7 shows the body lotion formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with Water, Almond oil, Coco betaine, Cetyl alcohol, Propyltrimonium, Copolymer 28, Moringa oil and Cucumber seed extract.

 

 

 

Table 7: Body lotion formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty (%)
1	Water	30
2	Moringa oil	12
3	Almond oil	6
4	Cucumber seed extract	8
5	Cetyl alcohol	2
6	Coco betaine	11
7	Propyltrimonium	4
8	Copolymer 28	2
9	Natural egg membrane concentrate	25

 

This formulation was applied to a skin of an individual. The contralateral skin was treated with a commercial Body lotion. Both compositions were applied daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the skin treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate supplemented Body lotion was visibly smoother, softer, moisturizer and treats dry skin. The contralateral skin still appeared rough and dry.

 

3.2.5 Formulation V

Table 8 shows the oil formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with Moringa oil.

 

Table 8: Oil Formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty (%)
1	Moringa oil	25
2	Natural egg membrane concentrate	75

 

This formulation was applied to the hand and fingers of an individual. The contralateral hand was treated with Moringa oil alone. After 2 weeks, the hand treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate powder appeared Smoother. In addition, there was a noticeable reduction in the number and intensity of dark spots in the face, moisturizer and soften the skin treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate powder.

 

3.2.6 Formulation VI

Table 9 shows foundation powder formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with Natural Jojoba, Triglyceride, Pigments, Shea butter, Sorbitan stearate, Polysorbate 60, Cetyl alcohol, Moringa oil, Bakuchiol powder and Water.

 

Table 9: Foundation powder formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty
1	Water	30 ml
2	Moringa oil	2.5 ml
3	Natural Jojoba	6 ml
4	Bakuchiol powder	3 g
5	Pigments	2 g
6	Shea butter	2 g
7	Sorbitan stearate	1 g
8	Cetyl alcohol	0.4 g
9	Polysorbate 60	1 ml
10	Natural egg membrane concentrate	25 g

This formulation was applied to a skin of an individual. The contralateral skin was treated with a commercial foundation powder. Both compositions were applied daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the skin treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate supplemented foundation powder was visibly smoother, lighter and brighter. The contralateral skin appears only brighter.

 

3.2.6 Formulation VII

Table 10 shows face peel mask formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with Activated charcoal, polyvinyl alcohol and Water.

 

Table 10: Face peel mask Formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty
1	Water	20 ml
2	Polyvinyl alcohol	10 %
3	Activated Charcoal	15 g
4	Natural egg membrane concentrate	15 g

 

This formulation was applied to a skin of an individual. The contralateral skin was treated with a commercial foundation powder. Both compositions were applied daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the skin treated with Natural egg membrane concentrate supplemented foundation powder was visibly smoother, skin whitening, hydrates and brighten the skin, and treats acne. The contralateral skin appears rough and still acne was present.

 

3.2.6 Formulation VIII

Table 11 shows face pack formulation of Natural egg membrane concentrate was mixed with Psoralea corylifolia, Myristica fragrans, Vigna radiate, Cicer arietinum, Azardirachta indica, Hemidesmus indicus, Phyllantus emblica, Fullers earth, Curcuma aromatica, Hedychium spicatum, Pterocarpus santalinus, Euphorbia hirta, Cucumis sativus, Santalum album, Artemisia pallens, Rosa, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Phyllanthus amarus, Musa acuminate, Abelmoschus esculentus and water.

 

Table 11: Face pack Formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate

S. No	Ingredients	Qty
1	Water	20 ml
2	Psoralea corylifolia	2g
3	Myristica fragrans	2g
4	Vigna radiate	2g
5	Cicer arietinum	2g
6	Azardirachta indica	2g
7	Hemidesmus indicus	2g
8	Phyllantus emblica	2g
9	Fullers earth	2g
10	Curcuma aromatica	2g
11	Hedychium spicatum	2g
12	Pterocarpus santalinus	2g
13	Euphorbia hirta	2g
14	Cucumis sativus	2g
15	Santalum album	2g
16	Artemisia pallens	2g
17	Rosa	2g
18	Ocimum tenuiflorum	2g
19	Phyllanthus amarus	2g
20	Musa acuminate	2g
21	Abelmoscus esculentus	2g
22	Natural egg membrane concentrate	10g

 

3.3 Pilot scale study for NEMC^TM formulations treated skin

Different formulation supplemented Natural egg membrane powder treated with different types of skin such as Dry skin, Oil skin, Pimples skin, High complexion skin and Low complexion skin compared to supplemented formulation without NEMC^TM was given in the Table 12 and 13. In Table 13, the result visibly treats wrinkles, blemishes, acnes, dry skin and brittle skin applied after 4 weeks between the age of 15-30 and 30-45, but supplemented formulation without NEMC^TM visibly does not reduce wrinkles, acne and blemishes. It was to conclude that NEMC^TM supplemented formulation is very effective. The molecules present in the formulation help hydration, reduce wrinkles and blemishes, treats acne, and improve elasticity of the skin. Collagen is absolutely essential to healthy, younger looking skin. Skin ratings were given for the formulation with and without NEMC in Graph 1 and 2.

 

 

Table 12: Pilot scale study for different formulation without Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate treated skin after 4 weeks

Formulation	Age	Dry skin	Oil skin	Pimple skin	High complexion skin	Low complexion skin	Ratings
I (Cream)	15-30	1B	1B	1C	1A	1A	3 stars
	30-45	1C	1C	1C	1B	1B
II (Ointment)	15-30	3C	3B	3B	3C	3C	2 stars
	30-45	3C	3B	3B	3C	3C
III (Gel)	15-30	1A	4B	4C	4B	4B	3 stars
	30-45	1B	4C	4C	4C	4B
IV (Body lotion)	15-30	1B	5B	5C	1B	1B	3 stars
	30-45	1C	5C	5C	1B	1C
V (Oil)	15-30	2B	1B	1A	1B	1C	3 stars
	30-45	2C	1B	1B	1B	1C
VI (Foundation powder)	15-30	1B	1B	1B	1B	1B	3 stars
	30-45	1B	1C	1B	1B	1B
VII (Face peel mask)	15-30	2C	4C	4C	1B	1B	2 stars
	30-45	2C	4C	4C	1B	1C
VIII (Face Pack)	15-30	2B	3B	3B	1B	1B	3 stars
	30-45	2B	3B	3B	1C	1C

1: Smoothen, Brighten, Lighten the skin                                                                                                      A) Effectively reduces

2: Hydrate and Moisturize the skin                                                                                                              B) Slightly reduces

3: Wrinkles                                                                                                                                               C) No change

4: Acne and blemishes

5: Oil control

[5 stars-Excellent, 4 stars-Very Good, 3 stars-Good, 2stars-Poor, 1 star-Very poor]

 

Table 13: Pilot scale study for different Formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate treated skin after 4 weeks

Formulation	Age	Dry skin	Oil skin	Pimple skin	High complexion skin	Low complexion skin	Ratings
I (Cream)	15-30	1A	1A	1A	1A	1A	4 stars
	30-45	1A	1A	1A	1B	1B
II (Ointment)	15-30	3A	3A	3A	3A	3A	5 stars
	30-45	3A	3A	3A	3A	3A
III (Gel)	15-30	1A	4A	4A	4A	4A	4 stars
	30-45	1A	4A	4A	4B	4B
IV (Body lotion)	15-30	1A	5A	5A	1A	1A	5 stars
	30-45	1A	5A	5A	1A	1A
V (Oil)	15-30	2B	1B	1A	1B	1C	4 stars
	30-45	2C	1B	1B	1C	1C
VI (Foundation powder)	15-30	1A	1A	1A	1A	1A	5 stars
	30-45	1A	1A	1A	1A	1A
VII (Face peel mask)	15-30	2A	4A	4A	1A	1A	5 stars
	30-45	2A	4A	4A	1A	1A
VIII (Face Pack)	15-30	2A	3A	3A	1A	1A	5 stars
	30-45	2A	3A	3A	1A	1C

1: Smoothen, Brighten, Lighten the skin                                                                                                      A) Effectively reduces

2: Hydrate and Moisturize the skin                                                                                                              B) Slightly reduces

3: Wrinkles                                                                                                                                               C) No change

4: Acne and blemishes

5: Oil control

[5 stars-Excellent, 4 stars-Very Good, 3 stars-Good, 2stars-Poor, 1 star-Very poor]

 

Graph 1: Pilot scale study for different formulation without Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate treated skin after 4 weeks

 

 

Graph 2: Pilot scale study for different formulation of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate treated skin after 4 weeks

4. CONCLUSION:

The active molecules composition of Natural Egg Membrane Concentrate (NEMC^TM) was analyzed and compared. These molecules help hydration and improve elasticity of the skin. Collagen is absolutely essential to healthy, younger looking skin. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that serves as a natural moisturizer. NEMC^TM mixed with different active and cosmetic ingredients to produce different formulation such as crème, ointment, gel, body lotion, oil, foundation powder and face pack to evaluate the effects of different formulation supplemented NEMC^TM in pilot study with different skin types compared to supplemented formulation without NEMC^TM. An open-labeled 4 week study on human skin applied with different formulation shows visibly reduces wrinkles, treats acne, treats dry skin, hydrates the skin, smoother the skin and treats brittle skin. But supplemented formulation without NEMC^TM does not reduce wrinkles, acne and blemishes. It was to conclude that the molecules present in the NEMC^TM supplemented formulation help hydration, reduce wrinkles and blemishes, treats acne, oil control and improve elasticity of the skin. Collagen is absolutely essential to healthy, younger looking skin. Natural Egg membrane Concentrate powder is deemed to be one of the most effective anti-aging raw materials in cosmetic sector. Furthermore, it has been shown to increase cellular activity and collagen production, as well as prevent skin aging and reduce damage caused by UV light and inflammation.

 

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Received on 20.02.2020            Accepted on 26.02.2020           

Accepted on 03.03.2020              ©A&V Publications all right reserved