Formulation,
development and comparative study of facial scrub using synethetic
and natural exfoliant.
Pranjali Talpekar*,
Monica Borikar
Department of Cosmetic Technology, Somalwar’s Nikalas Womens College, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur
University, Nagpur, India
*Corresponding
Author E-mail: amitbhople2@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
For healthy skin; regular cleansing of
skin to remove dirt, dead cell, sebum etc was necessary. Facial Scrub contain
Natural/Synthetic exfoliant give exfoliation effect
remove dead cell etc. In this study; formulation and development of Face Scrubs
using Natural exfoliant (Jojoba meal) and
Synthetic exfoliant (Polyethylene Beads) in
concentration 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Comparative study between Scrubs with Natural and
Synthetic exfoliant was did for exfoliation effect.
Scrub evaluated for Stability Study at Room temp (27°C), Cold temp (4°C) and
accelerated temp (45°C), Spreadability and
Total Fatty Matter (TFM) content. Subject test on 20 healthy volunteers was
done to examine Skin irritation and dead cell removal property of scrub. Dead cell
removal property studied by Tape Stripping method. Both Face Scrubs found
stable in stability study. Scrubs also passed the Spreadability
and
Total Fatty Matter (TFM) content test. On basis of subject study and tape
stripping method; Face scrub with Synthetic exfoliant
i.e. Polyethylene Beads in 2% concentration shows better exfoliation effect
which is useful for oily skin. Face Scrub with Natural Exfoliant
i.e. Jojoba meal in 2% concentration found mild and gentle
exfoliation effect which beneficial foe sensitive and dry skin.
KEYWORDS:
Exfoliation,
Natural exfoliant, Synthetic exfoliant,
Subject Study, Facial scrub.
INTRODUCTION:
One of largest organ of Body i.e. Skin
function as a protective wrapper, keeping everything underneath it safe from
daily threats such as the harsh effects of sun, wind, pollution and germ-filled
grime1.
For healthy Skin and its good
appearance, regular cleansing of Skin surface require to remove dirt, grime,
dead cells, crusts, make ups, sebum and other secretions1.
In Exfoliation process, removal of the
oldest superficial dead cells from skin's outermost surface is done.
Exfoliation can achieve by Chemical and Mechanical means. Exfoliation by
mechanical means is accomplished by physically scrubbing skin with abrasive.
Routine exfoliation to skin lead to natural shedding process of skin results in
smoother, tones and
healthier skin. Skin exfoliation give benefits in Acne vulgaris, clogged pores and
Wrinkles1.
Skin care scrub products, also called
skin or body polishes are a unique category of cleansing material called
exfoliating cleansers. They focus on cleansing, conditioning and treating1.
Facial scrubs are cleansers. They generally
contain small particles of natural or polymeric ingredients. Scrubs are intended
to provide a deep cleansing experience including a higher level of skin
exfoliation from abrasion with the particles. A non - exhaustive list of
natural scrub particles includes seeds of many fruits (e.g. peach, apple,
apricot), nut shells (e.g. almond, walnut), grains (e.g. oats, wheat), and
sandalwood. Synthetic scrub particles include polyethylene or polypropylene
beads2.
In addition to the exfoliant, a face scrub usually contains a carrier oil or
cream which is used to hold the exfoliant in a suspension,
along with a scent of some kind, often provided by an essential oil which is also supposed to promote
relaxation or well-being2.
Facial scrubs are made
with a mild abrasive which is designed to pull away dead and dying skin3.
Facial scrubs contain wide range of exfoliants range from Natural to Synthetic. There are wide
ranges of exfoliants available in the market such as
polyethylene beads and jojoba meal.
In this investigation, Comparative study
of Facial Scrub by using Synthetic and Natural exfoliants
was studied. Facial different Scrubs,
one formulated with Synthetic exfoliant and
other formulated with Natural exfoliant were
evaluated for better exfoliation effect.
MATERIAL
AND METHOD:
Polyethylene Beads obtained from Anshul Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd.; Mumbai; India., Jojoba meal
obtained from Yash Export Ltd., Jaipur;
India. Other ingredients purchase from License Manufacturer in India.
Formulation
and
Development of Face Scrub
Formulation of Scrub Base
Three batches i.e. B1, B2 and B3
of Scrub base were formulated by varying the quantity of ingredients as shown
in Table I.
Table
I. Base of Face Scrub
|
Ingredients |
Quantity 100% |
|
|
B1 B2 B3 |
||
|
Phase
A Stearic
acid 7% 8% 8.5% |
||
|
|
Mineral
Oil
8 8 8 |
|
|
Lanolin
1 1 1 |
||
|
Glyceryl
3 3 3 monostearate |
||
|
Cetyl
alcohol
- 1.5 2 |
||
|
Propyl
paraben
0.2 0.2 0.2 |
||
|
Isopropyl myristate 2 2 2 |
||
|
Almond
oil
1 1 1 |
||
|
Phase
B Propylene glycol 4 4 4 |
||
|
|
Triethanolamine 1 1.5 1.5 |
|
|
Water
q.s 64.8 63.5 |
||
|
Glycerin
4 4 4 |
||
|
Methyl paraben
0.2 0.2 0.2 |
||
|
Phase
C
Sodium lauryl ether sulphate 0.5 0.7 1 |
||
|
Phase
D Lemon oil
0.1ml 0.1 ml 0.1ml |
||
Procedure for Preparation of Face Scrub
Base
Weigh all ingredients of Phase A and
Phase B accurately. Heat both Phases A and B separately on
water bath up to 75-80 °C. Add Phase A
to Phase B with continuous stirring; transfer it to mortar triturate thoroughly
to form emulsion. Add Phase C in mortar with trituration.
Lastly add Phase D 45 °C and triturate thoroughly to form uniform emulsion.
Formulation
and
Preparation of Face Scrub
In formulation of Face Scrub, addition
of Active (Exfoliant) was added to Face Scrub Base
Batches B1, B2 and B3.
In this study, two different Exfoliants were used
i.e. Polyethylene Beads an Synthetic exfoliant and Jojoba meal a Natural exfoliant.
Preparation of Face Scrub with Synthetic
Exfoliant i.e. Polyethylene Beads
Addition of Polyethylene Beads into the
base, mix them thoroughly in Homogenizer for uniform mixing. Formulation of
Three batches of Face Scrub varies in concentration of Polyethylene Beads
i.e. 1%, 1.5% and 2% were
prepared (Table II).
Table
II. Formulation of Face Scrub with Synthetic Exfoliant
i.e. Polyethylene Beads
|
Ingredients
|
Quantity 100% |
|
|
PB1 PB2 PB3 |
||
|
Phase
A Stearic
acid
7 8 8.5 |
||
|
|
Mineral Oil
8 8 8 |
|
|
Lanolin
1 1 1 |
||
|
Glyceryl monostearate 3 3 3 |
||
|
Cetyl
alcohol
-- 1.5 2 |
||
|
Propyl paraben
0.2 0.2 0.2 |
||
|
Isopropyl myristate 2 2 2 |
||
|
Almond oil
1 1 1 |
||
|
Phase
B |
Propylene glycol 4 4 4 |
|
|
Triethanolamine
1 1.5 1.5 |
||
|
Water
q.s. 64.8 63.5 |
||
|
Glycerin
4 4 4 |
||
|
Methyl paraben
0.2 0.2 0.2 |
||
|
Phase
C Sodium lauryl
ether sulphate 0.5 0.7 1 |
||
|
Phase
D Lemon oil
0.1 0.1 0.1 |
||
|
|
Polyethylene beads 1 1.5 2 |
|
|
Perfume
0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml |
||
Preparation of Face Scrub with Natural Exfoliant i.e. Jojoba Meal
Addition of Jojoba meal into the base,
mix them thoroughly in Homogenizer for uniform mixing. Formulation of Three
batches of Face Scrub varies in concentration of Jojoba Meal i.e. 1%, 1.5% and 2%
were prepared (Table III).
Table
III. Formulation of Face Scrub with Synthetic Exfoliant
i.e. Jojoba meal
|
Ingredients |
Quantity
100% |
|
|
JB1 JB2 JB3 |
||
|
Phase
A Stearic
acid
7 8 8.5 |
||
|
|
Mineral Oil
8 8
8 |
|
|
Lanolin
1 1
1 |
||
|
Glyceryl monostearate 3 3 3 |
||
|
Cetyl
alcohol
-- 1.5 2 |
||
|
Propyl paraben
0.2 0.2
0.2 |
||
|
Isopropyl myristate 2 2 2 |
||
|
Almond oil
1 1
1 |
||
|
Phase
B Propylene glycol
4 4
4 |
||
|
|
Triethanolamine
1 1.5 1.5 |
|
|
Water q.s.
64.8 63.5 |
||
|
Glycerin
4 4
4 |
||
|
Methyl paraben
0.2 0.2
0.2 |
||
|
Phase
C Sodium lauryl ether
0.5 0.7 1 sulphate |
||
|
Phase
D Lemon oil
0.1 0.1
0.1 |
||
|
|
Jojoba meal
1 1.5 2 |
|
|
Perfume 0.1
ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml |
||
Evaluation
of finished product (facial scrub)
Determination of spreadability
of scrub
To determine the spreadability
caused by abrasive scrub (0.1gm), it was placed on a slide and another slide slided over it, which had 200gm weight placed over it. Spreadability was calculated4.
Determination of Total Fatty Substance
content
Weigh accurately about 2gm of the
material into a conical flask, add 25ml of dilute Hydrochloric acid, fit a
reflux condenser into a flask, and boil the content until the solution is perfectly
clear. Pour the content of the flask into a 300ml separating funnel and allow
it to cool to 20°C. Rinse the conical flask with 50ml of ethyl ether rinsing
into the separating funnel; shake well and leave until the
layers separate.
Separate out the aqueous phase and shake
it out with 50ml portions of ether twice. Combine all the ether extracts and
wash with water until free of acid (when tested with methyl orange indicator
solution). Filter the ether extracts through filter paper containing sodium sulphate into a conical flask. Wash sodium sulphate on filter paper with ether and combine the washing
with filtrate. Distill off the ether and dry the material remaining in the
flask at temperature of 60± 2°C to constant mass5.
Total Fatty Substance, % by mass= 100×
(M1/M2)
Where;
M1 – mass in grams of residue
M2 – mass in grams of
material taken for the test.
Stability
Study of Finished Product
Stability Study of Finished Product was
carry out at various temperature i.e. Room temperature 27°C; Cold temperature
4°C and
accelerated temperature 45°C. During stability study, stability parameter colour, odour and pH
of Finished product is evaluated5.
Determination of Colour
Change
The colour
change was observed visually. The colour of the
sample was noted regularly at various temperatures (4°C, 45°C, and 27°C) and at
the interval of 2 days and the results was evaluated5.
Determination of Odour
change
The odour change was noted by smelling the product. The odour of the sample were noted regularly at various
temperatures (4°C, 45°C, and 27°C) and at the interval of 2 days and the
results was evaluated5.
Determination of
pH
Weigh 5 gm of
the scrub in beaker. Add 45 ml water in it and disperse properly. Determine the
pH at 27°C using pH meter5.
Subject
Study
There are 20 Healthy Volunteers age
between 22-31 years were involved. All Volunteers were selected to subjective
study to determine effectiveness of formulation with regards to their ability
to remove dead cells.
Subject Study Protocol
All 20 Volunteers participate in study
were not suffering from any skin disease and skin disorder.
All subjects were informed not to use cleansing or skin care product for one
week prior and
during period of study. Two Optimize samples of formulation i.e. Sample A (Face
Scrub with Polyethylene beads) and Sample B (Face Scrub with Jojoba meal) were applied
topically by 20 subjects for two weeks; each sample applied once in week.
Application of Sample A followed by Application of Sample B on alternate day.
Parameters like Skin irritation and Removal of dead cell are evaluated. Skin irritation
evaluated from subjects response to sample. Removal of dead cell parameter was
evaluated by Tape Stripping Method.
Tape
Stripping Test
Tape
stripping is a simple and efficient method for the assessment of quality and
efficacy of cosmoceuticals and dermatological
formulations. In this method, Stripping tape applied over predetermines area
which removes cell lines of stratum corneum along
with it after pull off the tape. The separated Stratum corneum
cell line adhering to tape evaluated microscopically6.
In this
investigation; exfoliation effect of optimized Scrub i.e. Sample A (Face
Scrub with Polyethylene beads) and Sample B (Face Scrub with Jojoba meal) by tape
stripping method was evaluated. Three
independent sites S1, S2 and S3 separated by 5 cm over face were
selected. Site S1 is blank; no any
sample of Scrub applied over it. Sample A (Face Scrub with
Polyethylene beads) and Sample B (Face Scrub with Jojoba meal) apply over Site
S2 and S3
respectively.
Apply the adhesive tape over Site S1;
pull off the tape. Add drops of methylene blue on it;
dry it. After drying pour water over it until methylene
blue is washed off. Dry the tape and observe under microscope to evaluate cell line
adhering to tape.
Same procedure was followed for Face
scrub sample A and B. Sample A (Face Scrub with
Polyethylene beads) and Sample B (Face Scrub with Jojoba meal) apply over Site
S2 and S3
respectively. Apply the adhesive tape over Site S2 and S3; pull off
the tape. Add drops of methylene blue on it; dry it.
After drying pour water over it until methylene blue
is washed off. Dry the tape and observe under microscope to evaluate cell line
adhering to tape7.
RESULT
AND DISCUSSION:
Determination
of spreadability of Face scrub
The spreadability
of Face Scrub with Polyethylene beads; Batch PB3 has maximum spreadability among three batches (Table IV). In Face Scrub
with Jojoba meal; Batch JB3 has maximum spreadability
among three batches (Table IV).
Table
IV. Spreadability of Face scrub
|
Sr. No. Batch Spreadability
(Area Calculated as cm2) |
|
L B A |
|
Spreadability
of Scrub with Polyethylene beads |
|
01 PB1 2.2 cm 1.0 cm 2 cm2 |
|
02 PB2 2.2 cm 1.1 cm 2.42 cm2 |
|
03 PB3 2.5 cm 1.2 cm 3 cm2 |
|
Spreadability
of Scrub with Jojoba meal |
|
01 JB1 2.7 cm 1.6 cm 4.32 cm2 |
|
02 JB2 2.9 cm 1.8 cm 5.22 cm2 |
|
03 JB3 3.1 cm 2.1 cm 6.51 cm2 |
L: Length, B: Breadth; A: Area
Determination
of Total Fatty Matter (TFM) content
Total Fatty Material (TFM) Value all the
batches of Face Scrub (Table V) were all above the minimum required limit.
Table
V. Total Fatty Matter (TFM) of Face Scrub
|
Sr.
No. Batch Total Fatty Matter (TFM) |
|
TFM
of Scrub with Polyethylene beads |
|
01 PB1 22.41% |
|
02 PB2 22.64% |
|
03 PB3 22.88% |
|
TFM
of Scrub with Jojoba meal |
|
01 JB1 25.05% |
|
02 JB2 25.29% |
|
03 JB3 25.46% |
Stability
Study of Finished Product
Colour
Change
No colour
change was observed in Facial Scrub with Polyethylene beads at 4°C, 45°C and
27°C, scrub found stable (Table VI). Slightly Colour
change occurs in Facial Scrub with Jojoba meal Batch JB2 at 4°C which is
negligible, scrub found stable (Table VI).
Table
VI. Parameter Colour Change of Facial Scrub in
Stability Study
|
Days Room Temp. Cold Temp. Accelerated Temp. (27°C) (4°C) (45°C) |
|
Face
Scrub with Polyethylene beads |
|
Batch
No. PB1 PB2
PB3 PB1 PB2
PB3 PB1 PB2
PB3 |
|
1 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
3 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
5 OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
7 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
9 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
11 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
13 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
15 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
17 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
19 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
21 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
23 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
25 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
27 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
29 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
30 OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
Face
Scrub with Jojoba meal |
|
Batch
No. JB1 JB2
JB3 JB1 JB2
JB3 JB1 JB2
JB3 |
|
1 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
3 OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
5 OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
7 OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
9 OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
11 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
13 OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
15 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
17 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
19 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
21 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
23 OC
OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC |
|
25 OC OC OC OC SCC
OC OC OC OC |
|
27 OC OC OC OC SCC
OC OC OC OC |
|
29 OC
OC OC OC SCC OC
OC OC OC |
|
30 OC
OC OC OC SCC OC
OC OC OC |
C:
Original colour, VSCC:
Very slight colour change, SCC: Slight colour change, CC: Colour
change.
Odour
Change
No Odour
change found in both Facial Scrub i.e. Facial Scrub with Polyethylene beads and
Facial Scrub with Jojoba meal at 4°C, 45°C and 27°C, Finished
Product found stable (Table VII).
Table
VII. Parameter Odour Change of Facial Scrub in
Stability Study
|
Days Room Temp. Cold Temp. Accelerated Temp. (27°C) (4°C) (45°C) |
|
Face
Scrub with Polyethylene beads |
|
Batch
No. PB1 PB2
PB3 PB1 PB2
PB3 PB1 PB2
PB3 |
|
1 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
3 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
5 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
7 OO
OO
OC OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
9 OO OO OC
OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
11 OO
OO
OC OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
13 OO OO OC OO
OO OO OO OO OO |
|
15 OO
OO
OC OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
17 OO OO OC
OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
19 OO
OO
OC OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
21 OO
OO
OC OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
23 OO OO OC OO
OO OO OO OO OO |
|
25 OO OO OC OO
OO OO OO OO OO |
|
27 OO OO OC OO
OO OO OO OO OO |
|
29 OO OO OC OO
OO OO OO OO OO |
30 OO OO OC OO
OO OO OO OO OO |
Table
VII. Parameter Odour Change of Facial Scrub in
Stability Study
|
Face Scrub with Jojoba meal |
|
Batch
No. JB1 JB2
JB3 JB1 JB2
JB3 JB1 JB2
JB3 |
|
1 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
3 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
5 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
7 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
9 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
11 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
13 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
15 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
17 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
19 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
21 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
23 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
25 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
27 OO
OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
29 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
|
30 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO |
OO:
Original odour, VSOC:
Very slight odour change, SOC: Slight odour change; CC: Odour
change
Determination of
pH
Very slight
change in pH of Facial Scrub (Table VIII) occur which is within limit, Finished
product found stable. pH change illustrated in Figure 1 and 2.
Table
VIII. Parameter pH Change of Facial Scrub in Stability Study
|
Days Room Temp. Cold Temp. Accelerated Temp.
(27°C)
(4°C)
(45°C) |
|
Face
Scrub with Polyethylene beads |
|
Batch
No. PB1 PB2
PB3 PB1 PB2
PB3 PB1 PB2
PB3 |
|
1 6.30
6.29 6.30 6.29
6.30 6.30 6.37
6.36 6.30 |
|
3 6.30
6.30
6.32 6.30 6.32
6.30 6.35 6.43
6.32 |
|
5 6.32
6.32
6.35 6.30 6.30 6.30 6.43
6.30 6.35 |
|
7 6.35
6.30 6.35 6.32
6.29 6.30 6.30 6.38
6.35 |
|
9 6.33
6.36 6.40 6.31
6.30 6.30 6.38
6.30 6.40 |
|
11 6.30
6.31 6.42 6.36
6.30 6.30 6.30 6.34
6.45 |
|
13 6.30
6.30
6.42 6.30 6.30 6.30 6.40
6.30 6.46 |
|
15 6.38
6.30 6.50 6.30
6.30 6.30 6.35 6.41
6.32 |
|
17 6.32
6.30 6.51 6.31
6.33 6.30 6.30 6.40
6.30 |
|
19 6.30 6.32
6.52 6.36 6.32
6.30 6.32 6.37
6.37 |
|
21 6.31 6.38
6.55 6.31 6.30
6.32 6.37 6.30
6.35 |
|
23 6.30
6.30
6.55 6.31 6.30
6.32 6.46 6.35
6.42 |
|
25 6.30
6.30
6.55 6.30 6.33
6.32 6.30 6.30 6.30 |
|
27 6.37
6.35 6.60 6.30
6.30
6.32 6.42 6.33
6.31 |
|
29 6.32 6.30
6.60 6.30 6.30 6.35
6.36 6.30 6.35 |
|
30 6.32
6.30 6.60 6.30
6.30 6.35
6.30 6.30 6.30 |
|
Face
Scrub with Jojoba meal |
|
Batch
No. JB1 JB2
JB3 JB1 JB2
JB3 JB1 JB2
JB3 |
|
1 5.97
5.96 5.94 5.98
6.08 6.07 6.13
6.15 5.99 |
|
3 6.07
5.97 5.94 6.02
6.12 6.21 6.00
6.07 5.97 |
|
5 6.03
6.03
5.97 6.04 6.00
6.21 6.00 6.03
6.02 |
|
7 6.00
6.07 5.97 5.98
6.04 6.15 6.02
6.12 6.21 |
|
9 5.95
5.99 6.00 5.97
5.96 5.94 6.00
6.07 5.97 |
|
11 5.99
6.14 6.05 6.03
6.03
5.97 5.94 6.00
6.12 |
|
13 6.00
6.08 6.1 6.04
6.00 6.21 6.03
5.97 6.01 |
|
15 6.03
6.13 6.1 6.16
6.09 6.14 6.21
6.15 6.08 |
|
17 5.98
6.04 6.15 6.11
6.04 5.94 6.16
6.03 6.18 |
|
19 6.00
5.96 6.15 5.98
6.08 6.07 6.09
6.17 6.05 |
|
21 6.09
6.07 6.19 6.07
6.17 6.20 6.11
5.17 5.94 |
|
23 6.04
6.00 6.21 6.13
6.15 5.99 6.04
6.00 6.21 |
|
25 5.94
6.04 6.23 6.00
6.03 6.02 5.95
5.99 6.00 |
|
27 6.02
6.12 6.21 5.95
5.99 6.00 5.98
6.08 6.07 |
|
29 6.07
6.05 6.18 6.03
6.03
5.97 6.09 6.07
6.19 |
|
30 5.98
6.08 6.07 6.00
6.07 5.97 6.00
6.08 6.1 |
Figure
1. pH change in Stability Study for Face Scrub with Polyethylene beads
Figure
2. pH change in Stability Study for Face Scrub with Jojoba meal
Selection
of Optimized formulation
The Sprediability
of Face Scrub Batch PB3 and JB3 was maximum. TFM of Batch PB3 and JB3
was well above the minimum required limit. In stability study; Batch PB3 and
JB3 were found stable. Hence in Scrub with Polyethylene beads, Batch PB3 and
Scrub with Jojoba meal; Batch JB3 was selected as optimized formulation. Scrub
with Polyethylene beads, batch PB3 as Sample A and Scrub with
Jojoba meal; Batch JB3 as Sample B use in subject study.
Subject
Study
In Subject Study; only two subject with
Sample A (Scrub with Polyethylene beads) and three subject
with Sample B (Scrub with Jojoba Meal) were report irritation (Table IX).
Number of subject reported irritation was negligible; product consider being
safe. Removal of dead cell analyzed by Tape Stripping method. Two subject with
Sample A shows negative result for Removal of Dead Cells (Table IX). Four subjects with Sample B show negative
result for Removal of Dead Cells (Table IX). Hence Sample A i.e. Scrub with
Polyethylene beads shows better Dead cell removal property compare to Sample B
(Scrub with Jojoba Meal). Scrub with Polyethylene beads shows better
exfoliation compare to Scrub with Jojoba Meal which have mild exfoliation
effect.
Table
IX. Subject Test Results
|
Sr.
No. Subject Age
Irritation Removal of Dead
Cells |
|
1W 2W 1W 2W
|
|
Sample
A: Face Scrub with Polyethylene beads |
|
1. S1 23 N N Y Y |
|
2. S2 24 N N N N |
|
3. S3 26 N N Y Y |
|
4. S4 30 Y Y Y Y |
|
5. S5 30 N N Y Y |
|
6. S6 27 N N Y Y |
|
7. S7 27 N N Y Y |
|
8. S8 24 Y Y Y Y |
|
9. S9 26
N N Y Y |
|
10. S10 23 N N Y Y |
|
11. S11 28 N N Y Y |
|
12. S12 30 N N Y Y |
|
13. S13 31 N N N N |
|
14. S14 24 N N Y Y |
|
15. S15 24 N N Y Y |
|
16. S16 25 N N Y Y |
|
17. S17 25 N N Y Y |
|
18. S18 24 N N Y Y |
|
19. S19
25 N N Y Y |
|
20. S20 25 N N Y Y |
|
Sample
B: Face Scrub with Jojoba meal |
|
1. S1 23 N N Y Y |
|
2. S2 24 Y Y Y Y |
|
3. S3 26 N N Y Y |
|
4. S4 30 N N Y Y |
|
5. S5 30 N N Y Y |
|
6. S6 27 N N Y Y |
|
7. S7 27 N N Y Y |
|
8. S8 24 N N N N |
|
9. S9 26 N N Y Y |
|
10. S10 23 N N Y Y |
|
11. S11 28 N N N N |
|
12. S12 30 Y Y Y Y |
|
13. S13 31 N N Y Y |
|
14. S14 24 N N Y Y |
|
15. S15 24 Y Y N N |
|
16. S16 25 N N Y Y |
|
17. S17 25 N N N N |
|
18. S18 24 N N Y Y |
|
19. S19 25 N N Y Y |
|
20. S20 25 N N Y Y |
N: No; Y: Yes; W: Week
Tape
Stripping Method
In Microscopic examination; Site S1
(Blank) slide shows Stratum corneum Cell line as
shown in Figure 3. Site S2 (Sample A i.e. Scrub with Polyethylene beads) slide
shows very few cells means good exfoliation effect on skin (Figure 4). Site S3
(Sample B i.e. Scrub with Jojoba meal) shows comparable cell lines as Shown in
Figure 5; hence it gives mild exfoliation effect.
Figure
3. Microscopic View of Cell line Separated from Site S1 (Blank)
Figure
4. Microscopic View of Cell line Separated from Site S2 (Sample A: Scrub with
Polyethylene beads)
Figure
5. Microscopic View of Cell line Separated from Site S3 (Sample B: Scrub with
Jojoba meal)
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, results of this
investigation revealed that Face Scrub with Synthetic exfoliant
i.e. Polyethylene beads and Face Scrub with Natural exfoliant
i.e. Jojoba meal found stable in stability study.
In Subject Study; it found that Face
Scrub with Synthetic exfoliant i.e. 2 % Polyethylene
beads shows better exfoliation effect compare to Face Scrub with Natural exfoliant i.e. 2% Jojoba meal which give mild exfoliation
effect. According to subject response it was found that the Scrub containing
polyethylene beads was very well accepted by the people with oily, normal and
combination skin as it give good exfoliation which is of prime importance for
this product, while the Scrub with jojoba meal also shows mild and gentle
exfoliating effects and it could be used for exfoliation of sensitive skin and dry
skin which need mild exfoliation.
REFERENCES:
1.
Debbarma D, Moharana PK, Mishra B, Ramana V and Dimple W.
Clinical review of deep cleansing apricot scrub: an herbal formulation.
International Journal of Bioassay. 4.9; 2015: 4251-4253.
2. Draelos
Diana Z. Cosmetic
Dermatology: Products and Procedures, Wiley Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Chichestor; West Sussex, England. 2016; 2nd ed: pp. 98.
3. Baran
R and Maibach H.
Textbook
of Cosmetic Dermatology, Taylor and Francis Group. Abingdon; United
Kingdom. 2005; 3rd ed: pp. 168
4. Government
of India. Indian Standard Specification of Toothpaste IS: 6356:2001-Bureau of
Indian Standards. Bureau of Indian Standards (Ministry of Consumer Affairs,
Food and Public
Distribution, Government of India), Manak Bhavan, New Delhi, India. 2001; pp. 1-17.
5. Government
of India. Indian Standard Specification of Skin Creams IS: 6608:2004-Bureau of
Indian Standards. Bureau of Indian Standards (Ministry of Consumer Affairs,
Food and Public
Distribution, Government of India), Manak Bhavan, New Delhi, India. 2004; pp. 1-7.
6. Lademann
J, Jacobi U, Surber C, Weigmann
H and Fluhr J. The tale stripping
procedure-evaluation of some critical parameter. European Journal of
Pharmacology and
Biopharmaceutics. 72 (2); 2009: 317-23.
7. Kielhorn J, Melching-Kollmub
S and Mangelsdorf I. Dermal
Absorption-Environmental Health Criteria 235. World Health Organization (WHO),
Avenue Appia; Geneva, Switzerland. 2006; pp. 70-72.
Received
on 23.03.2016
Accepted on 28.04.2016
©A&V Publications all right reserved
Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 7(1): Jan.-June
2016 page 01-08
DOI: 10.5958/2321-5844.2016.00001.7