Evaluation of Proteolytic activity of commercial shampoo-A preliminary study

 

Sanat Sharma, Raj Sharma, Manish Sharma, Syed Sajid Ali, Tabish Ahmed,

Devender Sachdeva

Late Shree Baliram Kashyap Memorial Government Medical College Jagdalpur Chhattisgarh.

*Corresponding Author E-mail:

 

 

ABSTRACT:

A shampoo is a cleaning aid for the hair and is counted amongst the foremost beauty products. Shampoo is a hair care product that is used for the removal of oils, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The goal of using shampoo is to remove the unwanted build up without stripping out so much sebum as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water to form a thick, viscous liquid. Other essential ingredients include salt (sodium chloride), which is used to adjust the viscosity, a preservative and fragrance.Today’s shampoo formulations are beyond the stage of pure cleaning of the hair. Additional benefits are expected, e.g. conditioning, smoothing of the hair surface, good health of hair, i.e, hair free of dandruff, dirt, grease and lice and all, its safety benefits are expected. As the scalp is one of the most highly permeable part of the body, products applied to the scalp go directly to the blood, without being filtered in any way. So it is very important to know and understand the effects of ingredients used in shampoo formulations. Proteolysis is the directed degradation (digestion) of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or by intramolecular digestion.

In the present research represent the proteolysis effectiveness of shampoos based on synthetic ingredients.

 

KEYWORDS: Shampoo, SLS-Sodium lauryl sulphate, Skin, Baldnss, proteolysis, insecticide

 

 


INTRODUCTION:

The word shampoo in English is derived from Hindi chāmpo and dates to 17621-2.The meaning of the word shampoo is applying soap to the hair. Earlier, ordinary soap had been used for washing hair. However, the dull film soap left on the hair made it uncomfortable, irritating, and unhealthy looking. During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled soap in water and added herbs to give the hair shine and fragrance. Originally, soap and shampoo were very similar products; both containing the same naturally-derived surfactants, a type of detergent. Modern shampoo as it is known today was first introduced in the 1930s with Drene, the first shampoo with synthetic surfactants 4.

In animal studies, SLS (Sodium lauryl sulphate) penetration and uptake is much greater in neonatal and young animal eye tissue, compared to adult animals, and shows "penetration into the skin, as well as systemic tissues (brain, heart, liver, etc.)." SLS also showed long-term retention in tissues, up to five days after a single drop 3-4 .According to a 1978 FDA report, shampooing the hair with a product contaminated with this nitrosamine can lead to its absorption into the body at levels much higher than eating nitrate-contaminated foods. The FDA has recently warned shampoo manufacturers of unacceptable levels of dioxin formation in products containing SLS (dioxins are also dangerous carcinogenic compounds). Like as concern with effect of commercial shampoo in vivo and in vitro study, found remarkable effect on hair thickness and protein degradation 5-6.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In Vitro study of commercial shampoo, selected seven samples in the Petri dish and dip the two-2 hair section in each sample. Reaction time measure on the basis of time intervals of control (Water) 2 min and 16 minutes.

 

Hair slide measure by micrometric glass slide under the two phase light microscope with basis of hair thickness gradient. (Concentration of shampoo in 10 ml/L and hair diameter in Microns)

 

RESULTS:

Table-1 The effect of commercial shampoo on healthy hair

Shampoo

Effects on hair thickness in microns

Sample no.

Control

2 Minute

16 Minute

1

85

65

54

2

94

61

53

3

97

67

48

4

78

63

56

5

84

82

81

6

83

79

71

7

82

61

52

 

DISCUSSION:

Our own research has revealed that Sodium Lauryl Sulphate is present as a main ingredient in most commercial shampoos. SLS is a main ingredient in most shampoos on the store shelves. SLS is listed as toxic to skin in many studies8-9. In patients with seborrhea and eczema, SLS increases irritant reactions10. SLS is indicated in the migration of Langerhans cells to regional lymph sites in contact dermatitis, explaining the inflammation of the lymph nodes in some cases. It also reported that fair skin is more susceptible to SLS irritation 9. SLS is implicated in premature hair loss in men and women, and may be one reason for widespread incidence of hair thinning. Because SLS is such a caustic cleanser, it actually corrodes the hair follicle and impairs its ability to grow hair. SLES (sodium lauryl ether sulfate) causes dramatic decline in the hair growth cycle and prolongs the hair loss phase (normally it is 3 months) 6-7.

 

 

Sodium lauryl sulfate, is a detergent found in approximately 90% of commercial shampoos. Also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLS), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), this chemical has been shown to damage protein formation in eye tissue in young animals, raising serious concern about the possibility of ocular tissue malformation and blindness in infants and young children8.

 

In investigation and observation positively found the hair thickness gradually decrease with the increasing the time duration. with the available literature data regarding the Shampoo effect of other Shampoo types ,we noticed the presence of SLS compounds, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate are having proteolytic activity9.

 

CONCLUSION:

The awareness and need of cosmetics like shampoo must be considered for hair health issues. It is seen that many products making natural claims are still based extensively on synthetic functional ingredients to which natural raw materials or extracts are added .Investigations have been carried out that presently marketed commercial SLS shampoo having proteolytic effect with degradation the thickness of hair.

 

These studies have produced promising results. It is suggested that shampoo manufacturers / formulators must refer and follow the specifications given by Bureau of Indian Standards in SI 4011:1997.The development of Non SLS Shampoo will be a major area of growth in the cosmetic industry during the next coming years.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Koeln, Germany, 2008

2.       Shampoo, Etymology Dictionary 2006

3.       Hirazumi, A., et al, 1996, Proceedings Western Pharmacology Society, 39: 7 – 9

4.       Sylvester, Edward, J., 1986, Target Cancer, Charles Scribner's Sons, N.Y., 9. Fackelman, K., 1997, Science News, 151: 274-275

5.       Hiramatsu, M, et al, 1993, Cancer Letters, 73: 161-66

6.       Levland, O, and Larson, H.O., 1979, Some Chemical Constituants of Morinda Citrifolia (Noni), Planta Medica, 36: 186 -87.

7.       Koumaglo, K., et al, 1992, Planta Medica, 58: 6.

8.       Bureau of Indian Standards, Methods of test for safety evaluation of cosmetics (second edition), IS 4011:1997, New Delhi 

9.       Messenger A. G, Medical management of male pattern hair loss, International Journal  of Dermatology, 39, 2000, 585-586

10.     Stough D. K, Habar R, Parsley W.M, Vogel J.E, Whiting D.A, Washenik K. Psychological effect, pathophysiology and management of androgenetic alopecia in men, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 80 (10), 2005, 1316-1322.

 

 

 

 

Received on 04.03.2014                    Accepted on 22.04.2014  

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Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 5(1):Jan.–June 2014 page 5-6