Evaluation of Proteolytic
activity of commercial shampoo-A preliminary study
Sanat Sharma, Raj Sharma, Manish Sharma, Syed Sajid Ali, Tabish Ahmed,
Devender Sachdeva
Late Shree Baliram Kashyap Memorial
Government Medical College Jagdalpur Chhattisgarh.
*Corresponding Author E-mail:
ABSTRACT:
A shampoo is a cleaning aid for
the hair and is counted amongst the foremost beauty products. Shampoo is a hair care product that is
used for the removal of oils, skin particles, dandruff, environmental
pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The
goal of using shampoo is to remove the unwanted build up without stripping out
so much sebum as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo is generally made by
combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl
sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, with a
co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water to form a thick, viscous liquid. Other
essential ingredients include salt (sodium chloride), which is used to adjust
the viscosity, a preservative and fragrance.Today’s
shampoo formulations are beyond the stage of pure cleaning of the hair.
Additional benefits are expected, e.g. conditioning, smoothing of the hair
surface, good health of hair, i.e, hair free of
dandruff, dirt, grease and lice and all, its safety benefits are expected. As
the scalp is one of the most highly permeable part of the body, products
applied to the scalp go directly to the blood, without being filtered in any
way. So it is very important to know and understand the effects of ingredients
used in shampoo formulations.
Proteolysis is the directed degradation (digestion) of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or
by intramolecular digestion.
In the present research
represent the proteolysis effectiveness of shampoos based on synthetic
ingredients.
KEYWORDS: Shampoo, SLS-Sodium lauryl sulphate, Skin, Baldnss,
proteolysis, insecticide
INTRODUCTION:
The word shampoo in English is derived from Hindi chāmpo and dates to 17621-2.The
meaning of the word shampoo is applying soap to the hair. Earlier, ordinary
soap had been used for washing hair. However, the dull film soap left on the
hair made it uncomfortable, irritating, and unhealthy looking. During the early
stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled soap in water and added herbs
to give the hair shine and fragrance. Originally, soap and shampoo were very
similar products; both containing the same naturally-derived surfactants, a
type of detergent. Modern shampoo as it is known today was first introduced in
the 1930s with Drene,
the first shampoo with synthetic surfactants 4.
Table-1 The effect of commercial shampoo on healthy hair
Shampoo |
Effects on hair thickness in microns |
||
Sample no. |
Control |
2 Minute |
16 Minute |
1 |
85 |
65 |
54 |
2 |
94 |
61 |
53 |
3 |
97 |
67 |
48 |
4 |
78 |
63 |
56 |
5 |
84 |
82 |
81 |
6 |
83 |
79 |
71 |
7 |
82 |
61 |
52 |
DISCUSSION:
Our own research has revealed
that Sodium Lauryl
Sulphate
is present as a main ingredient in most commercial shampoos. SLS is a main
ingredient in most shampoos on the store shelves. SLS is listed as toxic
to skin in many studies8-9. In patients with seborrhea and eczema,
SLS increases irritant reactions10. SLS is indicated in the
migration of Langerhans cells to regional lymph sites
in contact dermatitis, explaining the inflammation of the lymph nodes in some
cases. It also reported that fair skin is more susceptible to SLS irritation 9.
SLS is implicated in premature hair loss in men and women, and may be one
reason for widespread incidence of hair thinning. Because SLS is such a
caustic cleanser, it actually corrodes the hair follicle and impairs its
ability to grow hair. SLES (sodium lauryl ether
sulfate) causes dramatic decline in the hair growth cycle and prolongs the hair
loss phase (normally it is 3 months) 6-7.
Sodium lauryl
sulfate, is a detergent found in approximately 90% of commercial shampoos. Also
known as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLS), and sodium lauryl
sulfate (SLS), this chemical has been shown to damage protein formation in eye
tissue in young animals, raising serious concern about the possibility of
ocular tissue malformation and blindness in infants and young children8.
CONCLUSION:
The awareness and need of
cosmetics like shampoo must be considered for hair health issues. It is seen
that many products making natural claims are still based extensively on
synthetic functional ingredients to which natural raw materials or extracts are
added .Investigations have been carried out that presently marketed commercial
SLS shampoo having proteolytic effect with
degradation the thickness of hair.
These studies have produced
promising results. It is suggested that shampoo manufacturers / formulators
must refer and follow the specifications given by Bureau of Indian Standards in
SI 4011:1997.The development of Non SLS Shampoo will be a major area of growth
in the cosmetic industry during the next coming years.
6.
Levland, O,
and Larson, H.O., 1979, Some Chemical Constituants of
Morinda Citrifolia (Noni), Planta Medica, 36: 186
-87.
7.
Koumaglo, K.,
et al, 1992, Planta Medica, 58: 6.
8.
Bureau of Indian Standards, Methods of
test for safety evaluation of cosmetics (second edition), IS 4011:1997, New
Delhi
9.
Messenger A. G, Medical management of
male pattern hair loss, International Journal
of Dermatology, 39, 2000, 585-586
10.
Stough D. K, Habar R, Parsley W.M, Vogel J.E, Whiting D.A, Washenik K. Psychological effect, pathophysiology
and management of androgenetic alopecia in men, Mayo
Clinic Proceedings, 80 (10), 2005, 1316-1322.
Received
on 04.03.2014 Accepted on 22.04.2014
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Research J. Topical and Cosmetic
Sci. 5(1):Jan.–June 2014 page 5-6